Jaeger components implement various APIs for saving or retrieving trace data.

The following labels are used to describe API compatibility guarantees.

• stable - the API guarantees backwards compatibility. If breaking changes are going to be made in the future, they will result in a new API version, e.g. /api/v2 URL prefix or a different namespace in the IDL.
• internal - the APIs intended for internal communications between Jaeger components and not recommended for use by external components.
• deprecated - the APIs that are only maintained for legacy reasons and will be phased out in the future.

Since Jaeger v1.32, the Collector and Query Service ports that serve gRPC endpoints enable gRPC reflection . Unfortunately, the internally used gogo/protobuf has a compatibility issue  with the official golang/protobuf, and as a result only the list reflection command is currently working properly.

Span reporting APIs

Agent and Collector are the two components of the Jaeger backend that can receive spans. At this time they support two sets of non-overlapping APIs.

Thrift over UDP (stable)

The Agent can only receive spans over UDP in Thrift format. The primary API is a UDP packet that contains a Thrift-encoded Batch struct defined in jaeger.thrift  IDL file, located in the jaeger-idl  repository. Most Jaeger Clients use Thrift’s compact encoding, however some client libraries do not support it (notably, Node.js) and use Thrift’s binary encoding (sent to a different UDP port). The Agent’s API is defined by agent.thrift  IDL file.

For legacy reasons, the Agent also accepts spans over UDP in Zipkin format, however, only very old versions of Jaeger clients can send data in that format and it is officially deprecated.

Protobuf via gRPC (stable)

In a typical Jaeger deployment, Agents receive spans from Clients and forward them to Collectors. Since Jaeger v1.11 the official and recommended protocol between Agents and Collectors is jaeger.api_v2.CollectorService gRPC endpoint defined in collector.proto  IDL file.

Thrift over HTTP (stable)

In some cases it is not feasible to deploy Jaeger Agent next to the application, for example, when the application code is running as a serverless function. In these scenarios the Jaeger Clients can be configured to submit spans directly to the Collectors over HTTP/HTTPS.

The same jaeger.thrift  payload can be submitted in HTTP POST request to /api/traces endpoint, for example, https://jaeger-collector:14268/api/traces. The Batch struct needs to be encoded using Thrift’s binary encoding, and the HTTP request should specify the content type header:

Content-Type: application/vnd.apache.thrift.binary

JSON over HTTP (n/a)

There is no official Jaeger JSON format that can be accepted by the collector. In the future the OpenTelemetry JSON may be supported.

Zipkin Formats (stable)

Jaeger Collector can also accept spans in several Zipkin data format, namely JSON v1/v2 and Thrift. The Collector needs to be configured to enable Zipkin HTTP server, e.g. on port 9411 used by Zipkin collectors. The server enables two endpoints that expect POST requests:

• /api/v1/spans for submitting spans in Zipkin JSON v1 or Zipkin Thrift format.
• /api/v2/spans for submitting spans in Zipkin JSON v2.

Trace retrieval APIs

Traces saved in the storage can be retrieved by calling Jaeger Query Service.

gRPC/Protobuf (stable)

The recommended way for programmatically retrieving traces and other data is via jaeger.api_v2.QueryService gRPC endpoint defined in query.proto  IDL file.

HTTP JSON (internal)

Jaeger UI communicates with Jaeger Query Service via JSON API. For example, a trace can be retrieved via GET request to https://jaeger-query:16686/api/traces/{trace-id-hex-string}. This JSON API is intentionally undocumented and subject to change.

Clients configuration (internal)

Client libraries not only submit finished spans to Jaeger backend, but also periodically poll the Agents for various configurations, such as sampling strategies. The schema for the payload is defined by sampling.thrift , encoded as JSON using Thrift’s built-in JSON generation capabilities.

Agent acts as a proxy by retrieving sampling configuration from the Collector using jaeger.api_v2.SamplingManager gRPC endpoint defined in sampling.proto  IDL file.

Service dependencies graph (internal)

Can be retrieved from Query Service at /api/dependencies endpoint. The GET request expects two parameters:

• endTs (number of milliseconds since epoch) - the end of the time interval
• lookback (in milliseconds) - the length the time interval (i.e. start-time + lookback = end-time).

The returned JSON is a list of edges represented as tuples (caller, callee, count).

For programmatic access to service graph, the recommended API is gRPC/Protobuf described above.